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Ignaz Semmelweis

Ignaz Semmelweis

IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS ayinza okuba nga tamanyiddwa nnyo, naye abantu bangi baganyuddwa nnyo mu kintu kye yazuula. Semmelweis yazaalibwa mu Buda (kati ekiyitibwa Budapest), Hungary, era yasomera mu yunivasite y’e Vienna n’afuna diguli mu busawo mu 1844. Mu 1846, yafuna omulimu mu ddwaliro eriyitibwa Vienna’s General Hospital nga y’amyuka omusawo omukulu mu woodi eyali ekola ku bakazi ab’embuto n’abazaala. Ng’ali eyo, yalaba ekintu ekyali kyennyamiza ennyo. Abakazi 13 ku buli kikumi abaali bazaalira mu ddwaliro eryo baafanga ekirwadde ekyali kitategeerekeka.

Waliwo ebintu ebitali bimu bye baali bateebereza nti bye byali biviirako ekirwadde ekyo, naye tewali n’omu yali asobodde kuzuulira ddala kirwadde ekyo kwe kyali kiva. Abasawo baakola kyonna ekisoboka okukendeeza ku muwendo gw’abakazi abaali bafa naye tekyasoboka. Okulaba abakazi abangi bwe batyo nga bafiira mu bulumi kyanakuwaza nnyo Semmelweis n’amalirira okuzuula ekyali kiviirako ekirwadde ekyo basobole okukirwanyisa.

Mu ddwaliro Semmelweis mwe yali akolera mwalimu woodi bbiri ezaali zikola ku bakazi ab’embuto n’abazaala, naye ekyewuunyisa kiri nti mu woodi esooka omuwendo gw’abakazi abaali bafa gwali waggulu nnyo okusinga mu woodi ey’okubiri. Enjawulo yokka eyali wakati wa woodi ezo ebbiri eri nti abaana abaali basoma obusawo baatendekerwanga mu woodi esooka ate abaali basoma obuzaalisa baatendekerwanga mu woodi ey’okubiri. Kati olwo lwaki abakazi baafanga nnyo mu woodi esooka okusinga mu woodi ey’okubiri? Okusobola okumanya ensonga lwaki kyali kityo, Semmelweis yanoonyereza ku bintu ebitali bimu naye n’alemererwa okuzuula obuzibu kwe bwali buva.

Mu 1847, waliwo ekintu ekyabaawo ekyayamba ennyo Semmelweis mu kunoonyereza kwe yaliko. Mukwano gwe era musawo munne Jakob Kolletschka yafa oluvannyuma lw’okufuna ekiwundu nga yeekebejja omulambo, ne kimuviirako okufuna ekirwadde ekyamutta. Semmelweis bwe yasoma lipoota eyali eraga ekyali kisse Kolletschka, yakiraba nti obubonero bw’ekirwadde ekyatta mukwano gwe oyo bwali bufaananako n’obw’ekirwadde ekyali kitta abakazi. N’olwekyo, Semmelweis yatandika okulowooza nti oboolyawo waliwo ekintu eky’obulabe okuva ku mirambo ekyali kiviirako ekirwadde ekyo. Abasawo n’abaana abaali basoma obusawo, abaateranga okwekebejja emirambo nga tebannagenda mu woodi y’abakazi ab’embuto n’abazaala, mu butamanya baakwasanga ekirwadde ekyo abakazi abaabanga bazze okukeberebwa embuto oba abaabaanga bazaala! Omuwendo gw’abakazi abaali bafa mu woodi ey’okubiri gwali mutono kubanga abaana abaali basoma obuzaalisa bo tebeekebejjanga mirambo.

Amangu ddala Semmelweis yalagira abasawo bonna okunaabanga mu ngalo mu mazzi agalimu eddagala nga tebannakwata ku bakazi ab’embuto. Ebyavaamu byali birungi nnyo. Omuwendo gw’abakazi abaali bafa ekirwadde ekyo gwakendeerera ddala nnyo.

“Ndi mumalirivu okumalawo mu malwaliro ekirwadde ekitta abakazi ab’embuto n’abazaala, abasajja baleme kufiirwa bakazi baabwe n’abaana baleme kufiirwa bamaama baabwe.”—Ignaz Semmelweis

Naye abamu tebaasanyukira ekyo Semmelweis kye yali azudde. Ekyo kye yali azudde kyali tekikwatagana n’ebyo mukama we bye yali ateebereza nti bye byali biviirako ekirwadde ekyo. Okugatta ku ekyo, Semmelweis yali muntu anywerera ku nsonga, ekintu ekitaasanyusa mukama we. N’ekyavaamu, Semmelweis yagobwa ku mulimu mu Vienna n’addayo mu Hungary. Ng’ali eyo, yalondebwa okukulira woodi abakazi ab’embuto mwe baakebererwanga era mwe baazaaliranga mu ddwaliro eriyitibwa St. Rochus Hospital mu kibuga Pest. Ne ku mulundi guno, enkola ye yayamba nnyo mu kukendeereza ddala omuwendo gw’abakazi abaali bafa ekirwadde ekyo.

Mu 1861, Semmelweis yawandiika ekitabo ekyali kikwata ku ebyo bye yali azudde ekiyitibwa, The Cause, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever. Eky’ennaku, ebyo bye yazuula abantu tebaasooka kubitwala ng’ebikulu. Waamala kuyitawo myaka mingi ne balyoka bakiraba nti byali bikulu nnyo. Mu kiseera ekyo abantu bangi baafiirwa obulamu bwabwe olw’abasawo obutagoberera nkola Semmelweis gye yali ataddewo.

Semmelweis yakakasa nti abasawo bakuuma obuyonjo.—Ekifaananyi kyakubibwa Robert Thom

Oluvannyuma kyakakasibwa nti Semmelweis y’omu ku bantu abaayamba mu kuvumbula eddagala erikozesebwa okutta obuwuka obuleeta endwadde. Ekyo kye yazuula kyayamba bannasayansi okukitegeera nti waliwo obuwuka obusirikitu obuleeta endwadde. Era kye yazuula kye kintu ekikyasinzeeyo okuyamba abasawo okumanya n’okujjanjaba endwadde ezireetebwa obuwuka obusirikitu. Ekyewuunyisa, emyaka egisukka mu 3,000 emabega, mu mateeka ga Musa, kati agasangibwa mu Bayibuli, Katonda yali yawa Abayisirayiri obulagirizi obukwata ku ngeri emirambo gye gisaanidde okukwatibwamu.