Ajawule pa ndandanda

Ajawule pa ndandanda wa yindu

KULIJIGANYA YAKALA

Alhazen

Alhazen

KOMBOLEKA kuti citandilile nganapikaneje ya mundu jwine lina lyakwe Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham. M’yilambo ya asungu, munduju akusamanyika ni lina lya Cilatini lyakuti Alhazen. Linali lyatyocele ku lina lyakwe lyandanda lya Cialabu lyakuti alHasan. Atamose kuti ngakumanyilila yejinji ya munduju, nambo yindu yine yaŵatesile paumi wakwe mpaka yakamucisye. Munduju, “ali jumo mwa ŵandu ŵakumanyika mnope mu mbili ja sayansi.”

Alhazen, jwapagwile mumsinda wa Basra m’cilambo ca Iraq, m’caka ca 965 C.E. * Jwalakwe jwalijiganyisye yakwayana ni kwiwunde, yasayansi, masamu, yacipatala, yanyimbo, soni yandakatulo. Ana panasoni cindu cine cakusosekwa mnope caŵatesile?

PULANI JAKULINGANYA DAMU

Kwa yaka yejinji, ŵandu aŵele ali mkusala ya Alhazen. Jwalakwe jwasakaga kulinganya damu m’Lusulo lwa Nayilo. Atamose kuti pamasile yaka 1,000, yaŵasakagayi mkaniyitendekwe, nambo m’caka ca 1902, damu jakolanjikwa kuti Aswan jakombolece.

Alhazen, jwasakaga kulinganya damu m’Lusulo lwa Nayilo ni lisosa lyakuti aŵambaleje kusewucila kwa mesi soni kusoŵa kwa wula m’cilambo ca Iguputo. Nganiji pajaliji mkamwamkamwa, jwakulamulila jwa ku Iguputo lina lyakwe Caliph al-Hakim, jwapikene. Panyuma pakwe, jwamŵilasile Alhazen kuti akalinganye damu m’Lusulo lwa Nayilo. Alhazen paŵayice ku Iguputo ni kulola lusulolo, jwayiweni kuti nganaŵa akombwele kukamula masengoga. Pakogopa kuwulajidwa ni jwakulamulila jwangalweju, jwatandite kutenda yindu mpela mundu jwamsokonecele mtwe. Pamasile yaka yakupunda 11, ali mkutenda yeleyi mpaka pandaŵi jaŵajasice jwakulamulilaju m’caka ca 1021. Alhazen ŵataŵidwe ligongo lyakulambucisya kuŵa mpela mundu jwamsokonecele mtwe. Paŵaliji ku ndende, jwamalile ndaŵi jakwe kulijiganya yindu yasambano.

BUKU JA SAYANSI

Paŵakopwece kunyumba jakusunjila ŵandu ŵakulwalaji, Alhazen jwaliji ali amalisisye kulemba gane mwa mabuku gakwe 7 ga sayansi gakolanjidwa kuti Book of Optics. Ŵandu ŵajinji akusati, “Mabukuga gali gane mwa mabuku gakamucisya mnope pangani ja sayansi.” M’mabukuga, jwalakwe jwatagulile sayansi jakwayana ni lilanguka nambosoni sayansi jakwayana ni meso.

Pakwika m’yaka ya m’ma 1200, mabuku ga Alhazen gatandite kugopoleledwa kutyocela m’ciŵeceto ca Cialabu kwawusya m’ciŵeceto ca Cilatini. Kaneko ŵalijiganye ŵa ku Europe ŵatandite kamulicisya masengo mabukuga pakulijiganya yasayansi. Mabuku ga Alhazen gakutagulila sayansi ja meso, gakamucisye mnope ŵandu ŵa ku Europe kutanda kupanganya magalasi gameso, telesikopu soni maikolosikopu.

KACIPINDA KAKAMULA MASENGO MPELA KAMELA

Alhazen, jwakopocele litala lyakwambulila yipikica paŵapanganyisye “kacipinda kacipi,” kakamula masengo mpela kamela. Jwalakwe jwapowele kabowo kamwana pakacipindaka kuti lilanguka lijinjileje. Naga mundu ajimi kusa kwa kacipindaka, ciŵandika ni paŵapowelepo, ciwulili cakwe cawonecelagasoni mkati mwa kacipindaka nambo mtwe wuli wulolite pasi..

Alhazen jwapanganyisye kacipinda kakamula masengo mpela kamela

M’yaka ya m’ma 1800, ŵatandite kuŵika mafilimu gakwambulila mkacipindaka kuti ajambuleje mwangasawusya. Ana kaneko catendekwe cici? Ŵapanganyisye kamela. Atamose masiku agano, ŵandu ŵakupanganya makamela, akusajigalila lunda lwelelu. *

MATALA GAKUWUNGUNYILA YASAYANSI

Ŵandu ŵajinji akusam’wulila kasoti munduju ligongo lyakuti jwawungunyaga yasayansi mwadongosolo. Kawungunye kakwe yasayansi kaliji kapajika mnope. Jwalakwe jwaliji mundu jwandanda kukopocela yindu yasayansi ni kuyilinjilila. Alhazen nganatendaga woga kuwusya lunda kwa ŵandu ŵane naga cindu cine cakwe ngakucipikanicisya.

Ŵasayansi ŵajinji masiku agano, akusajigalila lunda lwakwe “pakuwungunya soni kulinjilila yindu kuti apate yisyesyene.” Ni ligongo lyakwe ŵandu ŵane pakumlapilila munduju akusati, “ali amdala pangani jakuwungunya yasayansi.” Paligongo lyeleli, tukusosekwa kum’yamicila mnope munduju.

^ ndime 4 C.E. jikugopolela Yesu ali ayice.

^ ndime 13 Ŵandu ŵajinji m’yilambo ya asungu, yalemaga kupikanicisya kulandana kwa kakamule masengo ka kacipindaka ni liso mpaka pandaŵi jele Johannes Kepler ŵayitagulile cenene yeleyi m’yaka ya m’ma 1600.