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KULIJIGANYA YAKALA

Aristotle

Aristotle

YAKA 2,300 yipiteyo, Aristotle jwalembile yakwamba sayansi soni ya lunda lwa ŵandu. Kwa yaka yejinji, ŵandu aŵele ali mkutenda lung’wanu ni yaŵalembile Aristotle, nambosoni kulijiganya ni kuyigopolela m’yiŵeceto yine. Mundu jwine juŵajiganyaga ya mbili ku koleji, lina lyakwe James MacLachlan jwalembile kuti “kwa yaka ciŵandika 2000 yipiteyo, ŵandu ŵajinji ku yilambo ya asungu ŵayiwonaga yaŵajiganyaga Aristotle pakwamba ya m’cipago kuŵa yisyene.” Yine mwa yindu yaŵalembile Aristotle yatandite kwiganyidwa mu dini sya Cikatolika, Cipulotesitanti ni Cisilamu.

Aristotle Jwamanyililaga Yejinji

Aristotle jwalembile pakwamba yakwambulajambula, yindu yakwiwunde, yindu yaumi, ndamo sya ŵandu, ciŵeceto, malamusi, kusala maumboni ga yindu, macili ga kuwuta ga cilambo, kwenda kwa yindu kutyocela pane kwika pane, yakusangalasya, ndakatulo, ndale, mwakusaganicisya mundu, ni ya maloŵe gakuluŵika, nambosoni ya umi waŵawuwonaga kuti ukusawaga. Nambope, jwalakwe akusamanyika mnope ni yaŵalembile pakwamba ya yindu yaumi, ni kusala maumboni ga yindu.

Kalakalako, Agiliki ŵaŵaliji ŵakulijiganya mnope ŵatagulilaga ya m’cipago kutyocela pa yaŵapataga pakuwungunya, soni kusala magongo gakwe. Ŵakulupililaga kuti naga akuganicisya mwakusokoka yindu yam’cipago, mpaka yakamucisye kopocela yindu yine yasambano.

Pakamulicisya masengo litala lyeleli, ŵakombwele kopocela yindu yine yayaliji yisyesyene. Cimo cakwe caliji kusimicisya kuti m’cipango yindu yikusajenda mwakuya malamusi. Nambo cakusawusya cacapali ni cakuti, ŵanduŵa ŵagambaga kwegamila lunda lwawope. Yeleyi yasokonasisye nganisyo sya ŵandu ŵajinji, kupwatikapo nganisyo sya Aristotle. Mwambone, jemanjaji ŵakulupililaga kuti mapulaneti, ndondwa soni lyuŵa yikusasyungulila cilamboci. Pa ndaŵijo, ŵandu ŵajinji ŵayiwonaga kuti yeleyi yili yisyene. Buku jine jasasile kuti, “Ganicisya mwakusokoka yakwiwunde, soni kajende kakwe yawonekaga mpela yili yisyene kuti mapulaneti, ndondwa soni lyuŵa yikusasyungulila cilamboci.”The Closing of the Western Mind.

Nganisyo syelesi syawandile mnope mwati atamose ŵa dini ja Katolika ŵatandite kusikulupilila.

Ŵakatolika Ŵajiganyagasoni Nganisyo sya Aristotle

M’yaka ya m’ma 500 mpaka 1500 C.E, m’yilambo ya asungu, Aklistu ŵajinji ŵayikene pakwiticisya kuti yaŵajiganyaga Aristotle yili yisyene. Akatolika ŵane ŵakulijiganya mnope ya dini, ŵalijiganyagasoni yaŵalembile Aristotle. Cisyasyo cakumanyika mnope cili ca Thomas Aquinas (jwapagwile ca m’ma 1224, ni kuwa ca m’ma 1274). M’yoyo, nganisyo sya Aristotle syakuti mapulaneti, ndondwa, soni lyuŵa yikusasyungulila cilamboci syaŵele mbali ja yikulupi ya Katolika. Nombe nawo acimlongola ŵa dini ja Cipulotesitanti, mpela Calvin ni Luther, ŵajiganyaga yeleyi, mwati ŵayikene pakusala kuti yikutyocela m’Baibulo.—Alole libokosi lyakuti “Ŵaŵalasile Mnope Malemba Gane ga m’Baibulo.”

Ŵajinji ŵayikene pakwiticisya kuti yaŵajiganyaga Aristotle yaliji yisyene

Jwakulemba mabuku jwine lina lyakwe Charles Freeman jwatite, “Pa yindu yine, yikulupi ya Katolika yalandanaga mnope ni [yindu yaŵajiganyaga Aristotle].” Ŵandu ŵane ŵatiga Aquinas “ŵam’batisye” Aristotle kuti aŵe jwa Katolika. Nambo Freeman jwalembile yisyene yakwe kuti, “Aquinas ni juŵatandite kulupilila mnope yijiganyo ya Aristotle.” Pa yindu yine, mpaka tujilesoni kuti nombe najo dini jatandite kulupilila yijiganyo ya Aristotle. Ligongo lya yeleyi, mundu jwine jwa ku Italy jwakulijiganya mnope yakwiwunde soni masamu, lina lyakwe Galileo, pajwasakaga kupeleka maumboni gakuti cilamboci ni cacikusasyungulila lyuŵa, acakulungwakulungwa ŵane ŵadini ŵam’ŵilasile ni kumsalila mwamacili kuti akapeleka maumbonigo. * Komboleka kuti Aristotle jwalijiganyisye kuti mu sayansi ŵandu mpaka akopocelejepe yindu yasambano. Yikaliji cenene yikaŵe kuti ŵadini ŵaganisyagasoni m’yoyo!

^ ndime 11 Kuti amanyilile yejinji pangani ja pasikati pa Galileo ni dini, alole ngani jakuti “Galileo’s Clash With the Church,” m’magasini ja Ajimuce! ja April 22, 2003.